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The city population centroids have been found a step by step process. This allows to see how the centroid changes after a city has been added. In general the largest city dominates the position of the centroid. And if that city is also close to the geographic centroid, it will be the centroid in the end (Belgium, Spain). If a large city is surrounded by other cities, then one of those can become the centroid (Norway, Switzerland). The layout of motorways can influence the selection between two cities (France).
 
The city population centroids have been found a step by step process. This allows to see how the centroid changes after a city has been added. In general the largest city dominates the position of the centroid. And if that city is also close to the geographic centroid, it will be the centroid in the end (Belgium, Spain). If a large city is surrounded by other cities, then one of those can become the centroid (Norway, Switzerland). The layout of motorways can influence the selection between two cities (France).
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Some individual country observations:
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In general we see that the largest city is also the centroid city, when it is really much larger than the other cities.
* ''Austria'' - did not know Vienna is so large;
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Some exceptions to this:
 
* ''Belgium'' - the runnerup is Mechelen, so if more cities are added, the centroid might move towards that city along the motorway;
 
* ''Belgium'' - the runnerup is Mechelen, so if more cities are added, the centroid might move towards that city along the motorway;
* ''Czech Republic'' - the country is dominated by Prague
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* ''Denmark'' - no surprise that this is Copenhagen. This is by far the largest city of Denmark. And thus much different from the geographic centroid;
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* ''Finland'' - the country is dôminated by Helsinki;
   
* ''France'' - the centroid lies along the motorway between Paris and Lyon. There are no cities that are large enough in the top 20 to push the centroid away from Paris towards Lyon. Adding Dijon did not help. Probably due to a lack of motorways to the west from Dijon;
 
* ''France'' - the centroid lies along the motorway between Paris and Lyon. There are no cities that are large enough in the top 20 to push the centroid away from Paris towards Lyon. Adding Dijon did not help. Probably due to a lack of motorways to the west from Dijon;
 
* ''Germany'' - the country is dominated by Berlin. Only thanks to the existence of a large town to the west, the centroid could be moved there (Hannover);
 
* ''Germany'' - the country is dominated by Berlin. Only thanks to the existence of a large town to the west, the centroid could be moved there (Hannover);
 
* ''Italy'' - the centroid is dominated by Rome, but might move upwards towards Florence, when more cities in the populous north are added;
 
* ''Italy'' - the centroid is dominated by Rome, but might move upwards towards Florence, when more cities in the populous north are added;
* ''Ireland'' - the centroid is dominated by Dublin;
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* ''Latvia'' - dominated by Riga;
   
* ''Lithuania'' - the medium sized cities Kaunas;
 
* ''Lithuania'' - the medium sized cities Kaunas;
 
* ''Netherlands'' - as expected in Utrecht. This is in the center of the country and also a center of motorways;
 
* ''Netherlands'' - as expected in Utrecht. This is in the center of the country and also a center of motorways;
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* ''Portugal'' - the centroid is dominated by Lisbon and surrounding cities;
 
* ''Portugal'' - the centroid is dominated by Lisbon and surrounding cities;
 
* ''Slovakia'' - there are several small towns fighting to centroid. Banská Bystrica was able to fend them off;
 
* ''Slovakia'' - there are several small towns fighting to centroid. Banská Bystrica was able to fend them off;
* ''Slovenia'' - although Ljubljana is not large, the other towns are even smaller;
   
* ''Spain'' - Madrid is very well placed centrally in the country. Madrid and Barcelona are the greatest influencers on the centroid. The cities on the Canaries have been removed, but the Baleares have been kept.
 
* ''Spain'' - Madrid is very well placed centrally in the country. Madrid and Barcelona are the greatest influencers on the centroid. The cities on the Canaries have been removed, but the Baleares have been kept.
* ''Sweden'' - the country is dominated by the Oslo and surrounded cities. Due to the cities close to Denmark, the centroid is moved to the south.
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* ''Sweden'' - the country is dominated by the Stockholm and surrounded cities. Due to the cities close to Denmark, the centroid is moved to the south.
 
* ''Switzerland'' - Olten is one of the smaller towns in the valleys around Zurich, which dominates the centroid. Note that for transport a route through Italy is sometimes more advantageous.
 
* ''Switzerland'' - Olten is one of the smaller towns in the valleys around Zurich, which dominates the centroid. Note that for transport a route through Italy is sometimes more advantageous.
* ''United Kingdom'' - Although the UK is dominated by London, there are a lot of large cities to the north. This is the reason Leicester is the centroid.
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* ''United Kingdom'' - Although the UK is dominated by London, there are a lot of large cities to the north. This is the reason Coventry is the centroid.
    
== Quality ==
 
== Quality ==
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