Food additives
Food Additives
Objectives
The goals of those projects are to:
- gather data on food additives so that it can be used in conjunction with other Open Food Facts data
- determine what food additives data should be displayed on Open Food Facts product pages
- create information pages for each food additive
- possibly classify the risk of each additive so that it can be shown on Open Food Facts
- currently done for some additives on Open Food Facts in French language: http://fr.wiki.openfoodfacts.org/Projet:Fiches_sur_les_additifs
Types of data
Codes, names and synonyms
Additive production
- Sources of the additive
- Natural extract / chemical synthesis
- Vegetarian, vegan
- Containing pork
- How is the additive produced?
- Religious certifications
- Casher
- Halal
Additive uses
Types of products containing the additive
Health risks
Sources of data
For each source, we should note under which licence the data is available.
Laws and regulations
United Nations
WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius
Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA)
http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/gsfa/
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA)
Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications
http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-additives/en/
Specifications for Flavourings
http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-flav/en/
European Union
Regulation on Food additives
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives
Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1333
Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1333-20141106
Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display
Regulation on Flavourings
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 872/2012 of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC Text with EEA relevance
Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0872
Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91, Regulations (EC) No 2232/96 and (EC) No 110/2008 and Directive 2000/13/EC (Text with EEA relevance)
Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1334-20141107
Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display
USA
Definition of GRAS and Food Additives and Color Additives
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 201 (§321)
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapII-sec321.pdf
Regulation on GRAS substances
21 CFR Part 182: Substances generally recognized as safe.
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.13&idno=21
21 CFR Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe.
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.14&idno=21
Regulation on Food Additives
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 409 (§348)
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapIV-sec348.pdf
21 CFR Part 172: Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.172&rgn=div5
21 CFR Part 173: Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&node=pt21.3.173&rgn=div5
21 CFR Part 180: Food additives permitted in food or in contact with food on an interim basis pending additional study
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.180&rgn=div5
Alphabetical List of GRAS and Food Additives:
http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm091048.htm
Regulation on Color Additives
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 721 (§379e)
21 CFR Part 73: Listing of color additives exempt from certification
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.73&rgn=div5
21 CFR Part 74: Listing of color additives subject to certification
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.74&rgn=div5
21 CFR Part 82: Listing of certified provisionally listed colors and specifications
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.82&rgn=div5
Alphabetical List of Color Additives:
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/ColorAdditiveInventories/ucm106626.htm
Australia / New Zealand
Regulation on food additives
Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.3.1 - Food Additives
2014-12-31: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335
Serie: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/F2008B00614
2014-12-31 List by Number: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_2
2014-12-31 List Alphabetical: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_3
Canada
Regulation on food additives
List of permitted additives:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/addit/list/index-eng.php
Scientific studies
Scientific opinions
EFSA
- E102: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1331.pdf
- E104: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1329.pdf
- E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3765.pdf
- E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2349.pdf
- E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1330.pdf
- E122: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1332.pdf
- E123: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1649.pdf
- E123: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3442.pdf
- E124: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1328.pdf
- E127: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1854.pdf
- E128: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/515.pdf
- E129: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1327.pdf
- E129: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3234.pdf
- E131: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2818.pdf
- E133: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1853.pdf
- E142: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1851.pdf
- E150a,b,c,d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2004.pdf
- E150a,c,d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3030.pdf
- E151: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1540.pdf
- E153: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2592.pdf
- E154: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1535.pdf
- E155: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1536.pdf
- E160a(i),(ii): http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2593.pdf
- E160d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/674.pdf
- E160e: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2499.pdf
- E161g: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1852.pdf
- E170: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2318.pdf
- E180: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1586.pdf
- E243: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/scdocs/doc/511.pdf
- E243: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3294.pdf
FSANZ
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/AR_A1015.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD1%20Hazard%20Assess.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD2%20Dietary%20Exposure.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD3%20Food%20Tech.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD4%20AMR%20Assess.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Lauric%20Arginate%20AppR%20FINAL1.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20arginate%20FRR.pdf
- E243: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/proposals/documents/P1020%20ELA%20as%20a%20FA%20in%20Sausages%20AppR%20FINAL.pdf
- E952: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/proposals/documents/P287_FAR_Cyclamate_Review_FINAL.pdf
Food producers
Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States (FEMA)
FEMA GRAS Flavoring Substances List
http://www.femaflavor.org/fema-gras%E2%84%A2-flavoring-substance-list
NGOs
Consumers associations
Wikipedia / Wikidata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives,_Codex_Alimentarius
Data collection
E243: ethyl lauroyl arginate
FAO 2008: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/pdf/jecfa/cta/69/Ethyl_Lauroyl_arginate.pdf
USFDA 2005: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm154571.htm
EFSA 2007: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/scdocs/doc/511.pdf
EFSA 2013: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3294.pdf
EU COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 506/2014: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0506
FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/AR_A1015.pdf
FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Lauric%20Arginate%20AppR%20FINAL1.pdf
FSANZ 2010: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20arginate%20FRR.pdf
Health Canada 2013: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/pdf/consult/2013-nop-adp-ethyl-lauroyl-arginate-ethyle-laurique/document-consultation-eng.pdf