Changes

* A product can have more than 2 brands; eg:

* A product can have more than 2 brands; eg:

** Coop, in Switzerland, can add up to three brands on a product: <code>Betty Bossi</code>, <code>Karma</code> and <code>Coop</code> in [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/7624841023290/smokey-tofu-marroni-betty-bossi this product]; they justify it: "We offer a wide range of own-label brands and brand worlds." ([https://www.coop.ch/en/inspiration-gifts/labels/c/m_0788 source])

** Coop, in Switzerland, can add up to three brands on a product: <code>Betty Bossi</code>, <code>Karma</code> and <code>Coop</code> in [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/7624841023290/smokey-tofu-marroni-betty-bossi this product]; they justify it: "We offer a wide range of own-label brands and brand worlds." ([https://www.coop.ch/en/inspiration-gifts/labels/c/m_0788 source])

** In [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/5900497611503/peach-ice-tea-lipton this product], <code>Lipton</code> belongs to <code>Unilever</code> but this product is distributed by <code>Pepsico</code>

** In [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/5900497611503/peach-ice-tea-lipton this product], <code>Lipton</code> belongs to <code>Unilever</code> but this product is distributed by <code>Pepsico</code> . EDIT Lipton used to belong to Unilever, and now belong to CVC Capital Partners. Lipton's ready to drink beverages belongs to both Unilever and PepsiCo (who is distributor).

=== Implementation in Open Food Facts ===

=== Implementation in Open Food Facts ===

=== Observations summary ===

=== Observations summary ===

Summarising the observations note above, we see the following brands:

Summarizing the observations note above, we see the following brands:

*1 universal brand, exact same name used in all countries and languages. e.g. "Nutella"

*1 universal brand, exact same name used in all countries and languages. e.g. "Nutella"

*2 brand that is translated in different languages or scripts "The Laughing Cow", "La vache qui rit" ([https://nl.openfoodfacts.org/product/6971674070030/精制辣汤-唯滋亲 example])

*2 brand that is translated in different languages or scripts "The Laughing Cow", "La vache qui rit" ([https://nl.openfoodfacts.org/product/6971674070030/精制辣汤-唯滋亲 example]) EDIT they both belong to the same parent (Bel Group)

*3 brands that have the same name, but used in different languages

*3 brands that have the same name, but used in different languages

*4 brands that have the same name, but used in different countries

*4 brands that have the same name, but used in different countries

*5 brands that have the same name, and used in the same country. (e.g. "Ferrero" in Italy: there's also a pasta brand).

*5 brands that have the same name, and used in the same country. (e.g. "Ferrero" in Italy: there's also a pasta brand. EDIT pasta brand in Italy named [https://it.openfoodfacts.org/brands Industria-alimentare-'''ferraro''']).

*6 brands in non-latin scripts, which can not be latinised

*6 brands in non-latin scripts, which can not be latinised

*7 parent brands are sometimes shown on packaging

*7 parent brands are sometimes shown on packaging

*2 Have a way to list all products of a brand;

*2 Have a way to list all products of a brand;

*3 Let users enter brands for a product, as they appear on the package (as free text);

*3 Let users enter brands for a product, as they appear on the package (as free text);

*4 Let the user select the correct brand from a list of existing brands. If the same brand text occurs multiple times, the user must be able to sellect the applicable one;

*4 Let the user select the correct brand from a list of existing brands. If the same brand text occurs multiple times, the user must be able to select the applicable one;

*5 Suggests a brand to the user based on the manufacturer part of the barcode and other information;

*5 Suggests a brand to the user based on the manufacturer part of the barcode and other information;

*6 Infer category and labels from brand - some brands are only used for specific products. This implies that the product category and possible labels can be implies (suggested);

*6 Infer category and labels from brand - some brands are only used for specific products. This implies that the product category and possible labels can be implies (suggested);

== Design considerations ==

== Design considerations ==

The observations and use cases lead to several design considerations:

The observations and use cases lead to several design considerations:

# Unique brand key - as the same brand (string) can exist in multiple geographic areas or within the same geographic area, there must be a way to uniquely distinguish between the various brands. Otherwise a user can not enter the correct brand (UC1), nor can we list all brands (UC2);

# Unique brand key - as the same brand (string) can exist in multiple geographic areas or within the same geographic area, there must be a way to uniquely distinguish between the various brands. Otherwise, a user can not enter the correct brand (UC1), nor can we list all brands (UC2);

# Uses selectable brand - there must be a brand name in the same language/script of the package. If that name occurs multiple times in the taxonomy, it must be specified by product category, country sold, etc in order to make it unique. For instance the label '''Taste''' occurs in France and Argentina, but is used for different categories. So the user should have the choice '''Taste (category 1 - France)''' and '''Taste (category 2 - Argentina)'''. Maybe this can be mixed with the key. (UC4)

# Uses selectable brand - there must be a brand name in the same language/script of the package. If that name occurs multiple times in the taxonomy, it must be specified by product category, country sold, etc in order to make it unique. For instance, the label '''Taste''' occurs in France and Argentina, but is used for different categories. So the user should have the choice '''Taste (category 1 - France)''' and '''Taste (category 2 - Argentina)'''. Maybe this can be mixed with the key. (UC4). EDIT: there are no '''Taste''' brands in [https://fr.openfoodfacts.org/brands France] not in [https://ar.openfoodfacts.org/brands Argentina].

# Language/script specific brands - a way to code a single brand in multiple scripts and/or languages, for example in Chinese, Arabic and English (UC1)

# Language/script specific brands - a way to code a single brand in multiple scripts and/or languages, for example in Chinese, Arabic and English (UC1)

# Language independent brand - a way to encode a brand that is valid for multiple languages (UC1);

# Language independent brand - a way to encode a brand that is valid for multiple languages (UC1);