Difference between revisions of "Recipe/Theory/Ingredient evaporation"

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One would expect that drying does not affect the nutrients: if there are x% of a nutrient in the original ingrient, there will also be x% in the dried ingredient, i.e. fat, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins and salt do not evaporate.
 
One would expect that drying does not affect the nutrients: if there are x% of a nutrient in the original ingrient, there will also be x% in the dried ingredient, i.e. fat, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins and salt do not evaporate.
  
== Evaporation ==
+
== Evaporation formalisation ==
What is the best formula for this drying?
+
Most products do not specify how much of the ingredients (by weight) were used to create the end product, but there are exceptions. Some [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/cgi/search.pl?search_terms=Appelstroop&search_simple=1&action=process appelstroop] products do specify this. These products boil the water out of apples to create a thick syrup. As many of these products use only one fruit happle), we can see what happens. [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/8713326190967/appelstroop-de-nieuwe-band This product] for instance states the 7 kg of apples were used to create 450 grams of syrup. So in the cooking process 6,55 kg were lost. We assume that most of this is water, but there might be some volatile components lost as well. You can smell this. But the apples were also peeled and had their core removed.
We expect for any product where the original ingredients have processed (dried):
 
  
weight<sub>original</sub> = weight<sub>dried</sub> + water<sub>lost</sub> [grams]        (1)
+
We can turn this in a loss formula for any product where the original ingredients have processed:
  
The weight of a dried product can also be expressed by the nutrients:
+
(1a) weight<sub>original</sub> = weight<sub>processed</sub> + weight<sub>lost</sub> [grams]        ٖ     
  
weight<sub>dried</sub> = <big><big><big>Σ</big></big></big><sub><sub><sub>i=1</sub></sub></sub><sup><sup><sup>all</sup></sup></sup>nutrient<sub>i</sub> + water<sub>left, dried</sub> [grams]      (2)
+
or
  
As the nutrients on a product are given per 100 grams, we just say that we need some left water to make up for the difference between the sum of the nutrients and 100%. This implies that original weight can be larger than 1, depending on how much water is evaporated.
+
(1b) weight<sub>processed</sub> = weight<sub>original</sub> - weight<sub>lost</sub> [grams]        ٖ   
  
As the same amount of nutrients are also in original product we can rewrite (1) with (2), which gives:
+
or
  
  water<sub>left,original</sub> = water<sub>left,dried</sub> + water<sub>lost</sub> (3)
+
  (1c) weight<sub>lost</sub> = weight<sub>original</sub> - weight<sub>processed</sub>
  
Really no surprise in (3)
+
Nutritional tables express the weight of a product in the sum of the nutrients plus something else (probably water), i.e.
  
== Single ingredients ==
+
(2a) weight<sub>original</sub> = weight_nutrients<sub>original</sub> + weight_rest<sub>original</sub>
For a single ingredient product like tomato puree we could determine the evaporation fraction by comparing the nutritional values of tomato with the nutritional values of tomato puree. The table shows the mean nutritional values for tomatoes and tomatoes. There is some indication for concentration. Maybe that with better data the evaporation is clearer.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+Tomato puree and tomatoes compared
 
|-
 
! Nutrient !! Tomato puree !! Tomatoes !! Ratio
 
|-
 
| Fat || 0.363 || 0.186 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Saturated fat || 0.068 || 0.027 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Carbohydrates || 6.3 || 5.34 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Sugars || 5.02 || 3.68 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Fibre || 1.58 || 1.33 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Proteins || 1.68 || 1.25 || Voorbeeld
 
|-
 
| Salt || 0.384 || 0.374 || Voorbeeld
 
|}
 
  
For products with multiple ingredients we now have two possibilities: the listed ingredients order reflects the dried ingredients weight distribution or the original weight ingredients.
+
and
 +
 
 +
(2b) weight<sub>processed</sub> = weight_nutrients<sub>processed</sub> + weight_rest<sub>processed</sub>
 +
 
 +
With the idea that the amount of nutrients do not change between original and processed:
 +
 
 +
(3) weight<sub>processed</sub> = weight_nutrients<sub>processed</sub> + weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> = weight_nutrients<sub>original</sub> + weight_rest<sub>processed</sub>
 +
 
 +
(1c) becomes:
 +
 
 +
(4) weight<sub>lost</sub> = weight_nutrients<sub>original</sub> + weight_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight_nutrients<sub>original</sub> - weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> = weight_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight_rest<sub>processed</sub>
 +
 
 +
As we only have fractions on products we need to rewrite (4) into fractions
 +
Using the ratios:
 +
 
 +
(4b) weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> = weight_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight<sub>lost</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5a) weight_rest<sub>processed</sub>/weight_rest<sub>original</sub> = 1 - weight<sub>lost</sub> / weight_rest<sub>original</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5b) weight_fraction_rest<sub>processed</sub> / weight_fraction_rest<sub>original</sub> = weight<sub>original</sub> / weight<sub>processed</sub> - weight<sub>lost</sub> * weight<sub>original</sub> / ( weight<sub>processed</sub> * weight_rest<sub>original</sub> ) .... goes nowhere
 +
 
 +
Using the fractions directly:
 +
(5a) weight<sub>lost</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub> = weight_fraction<sub>lost</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5b) weight_fraction<sub>lost</sub> = weight_rest<sub>original</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub> - weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5c) weight_fraction<sub>lost</sub> = weight_fraction_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5d) weight_fraction<sub>lost</sub> = weight_fraction_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight_rest<sub>processed</sub> / weight<sub>processed</sub> * weight<sub>processed</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub>
 +
 
 +
(5e) weight_fraction<sub>lost</sub> = weight_fraction_rest<sub>original</sub> - weight_fraction_rest<sub>processed</sub> * weight<sub>processed</sub> / weight<sub>original</sub>
 +
 
 +
Conclusion is that to determine the evaporation, the total weight of the sum of the ingredients with respect to the total weight of the product needs to be known.
  
 
[[Category:Recipe]]
 
[[Category:Recipe]]

Latest revision as of 12:26, 21 February 2025

Most products are created by processing one or more ingredients. This processing can be explicit through cooking, grilling, etc. Or it can be implicit through simple storage. Many of these processes involve heat (even simple storage).

These processes will influence the water content of a product. Some products will dry out (think of nuts). Different ingredients contain different amounts of water. Different ingredients will release their water differently during drying.

The ingredients shown on a product are listed by weight as used in the product creation.

Single ingredient products give us some idea how this is handled. A product like tomato puree only has one ingredient: tomatoes. Most tomato purees also say something about the drying (double or triple concentrated). But for many other products it is not indicated how well they are dried (nuts for instance). (Cheese often shows the fat percentage in the dried product (no water left?))

One would expect that drying does not affect the nutrients: if there are x% of a nutrient in the original ingrient, there will also be x% in the dried ingredient, i.e. fat, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins and salt do not evaporate.

Evaporation formalisation

Most products do not specify how much of the ingredients (by weight) were used to create the end product, but there are exceptions. Some appelstroop products do specify this. These products boil the water out of apples to create a thick syrup. As many of these products use only one fruit happle), we can see what happens. This product for instance states the 7 kg of apples were used to create 450 grams of syrup. So in the cooking process 6,55 kg were lost. We assume that most of this is water, but there might be some volatile components lost as well. You can smell this. But the apples were also peeled and had their core removed.

We can turn this in a loss formula for any product where the original ingredients have processed:

(1a) weightoriginal = weightprocessed + weightlost [grams]         ٖ       

or

(1b) weightprocessed = weightoriginal - weightlost [grams]         ٖ    

or

(1c) weightlost = weightoriginal - weightprocessed

Nutritional tables express the weight of a product in the sum of the nutrients plus something else (probably water), i.e.

(2a) weightoriginal = weight_nutrientsoriginal + weight_restoriginal 

and

(2b) weightprocessed = weight_nutrientsprocessed + weight_restprocessed

With the idea that the amount of nutrients do not change between original and processed:

(3) weightprocessed = weight_nutrientsprocessed + weight_restprocessed = weight_nutrientsoriginal + weight_restprocessed

(1c) becomes:

(4) weightlost = weight_nutrientsoriginal + weight_restoriginal - weight_nutrientsoriginal - weight_restprocessed = weight_restoriginal - weight_restprocessed

As we only have fractions on products we need to rewrite (4) into fractions Using the ratios:

(4b) weight_restprocessed = weight_restoriginal - weightlost
(5a) weight_restprocessed/weight_restoriginal = 1 - weightlost / weight_restoriginal
(5b) weight_fraction_restprocessed / weight_fraction_restoriginal = weightoriginal / weightprocessed - weightlost * weightoriginal / ( weightprocessed * weight_restoriginal ) .... goes nowhere

Using the fractions directly:

(5a) weightlost / weightoriginal = weight_fractionlost
(5b) weight_fractionlost = weight_restoriginal / weightoriginal - weight_restprocessed / weightoriginal
(5c) weight_fractionlost = weight_fraction_restoriginal - weight_restprocessed / weightoriginal
(5d) weight_fractionlost = weight_fraction_restoriginal - weight_restprocessed / weightprocessed * weightprocessed / weightoriginal
(5e) weight_fractionlost = weight_fraction_restoriginal - weight_fraction_restprocessed * weightprocessed / weightoriginal

Conclusion is that to determine the evaporation, the total weight of the sum of the ingredients with respect to the total weight of the product needs to be known.