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== Ontology building ==
 
== Ontology building ==
 
A description of the way the ontology is built.
 
A description of the way the ontology is built.
== Instances ==
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=== Instances ===
   −
=== Ingredients ===
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====Ingredients ====
 
The creation of the ontology starts with instances. These are the ingredients as found on in the ingredient lists. An instance is defined as the the text between ingredient dividers. This includes any percentage, organic markup and allergen markup. In combination with the language used, it gives a first indication of the ingredient class. For the same class multiple instances are possible.
 
The creation of the ontology starts with instances. These are the ingredients as found on in the ingredient lists. An instance is defined as the the text between ingredient dividers. This includes any percentage, organic markup and allergen markup. In combination with the language used, it gives a first indication of the ingredient class. For the same class multiple instances are possible.
   −
=== Classes ===
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==== Classes ====
 
Each node in the ontology is an ingredient, as is found on ingredient lists of food products. Producers take a lot of freedom in describing the ingredients they use. This implies that an approach is needed to standardise the ingredients that are found in the ingredients list.
 
Each node in the ontology is an ingredient, as is found on ingredient lists of food products. Producers take a lot of freedom in describing the ingredients they use. This implies that an approach is needed to standardise the ingredients that are found in the ingredients list.
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* '''Compound ingredients''' - sometimes an ingredient list will contain a compound ingredient, i.e. an ingredient (product?) that consists of other ingredients.
 
* '''Compound ingredients''' - sometimes an ingredient list will contain a compound ingredient, i.e. an ingredient (product?) that consists of other ingredients.
   −
===Non-ingredient list nodes ===
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==== Non-ingredient list nodes ====
 
It is tempting to add nodes, which do not appear on any ingredients list. Such nodes might help in organizing the ontology. For the moment however we refrain from adding non-ingredient list nodes.
 
It is tempting to add nodes, which do not appear on any ingredients list. Such nodes might help in organizing the ontology. For the moment however we refrain from adding non-ingredient list nodes.
   −
== Relationships ==
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=== Relationships ===
 
The relationships should define how the ingredients are related to each other. An ingredient can be created from an other ingredient by applying some transformation process. This transformation process could remove one of the sub-ingredients. Or the transformation process could change one sub-ingredient into another ingredient.
 
The relationships should define how the ingredients are related to each other. An ingredient can be created from an other ingredient by applying some transformation process. This transformation process could remove one of the sub-ingredients. Or the transformation process could change one sub-ingredient into another ingredient.
=== Formal relationships ===
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==== Formal relationships ====
 
* '''contains''' - describes if an ingredient contains another ingredient. The relationship could specify the fraction of the ingredient. For example [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butter butter] contains 80% [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butterfat butterfat], pastry butter contains 99.8% [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butterfat butterfat];
 
* '''contains''' - describes if an ingredient contains another ingredient. The relationship could specify the fraction of the ingredient. For example [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butter butter] contains 80% [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butterfat butterfat], pastry butter contains 99.8% [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butterfat butterfat];
 
* '''removes''' - this transformation process removes a sub-ingredient. For example [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/pastry-butter pastry butter] is created from [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butter butter] by removing 20% water;
 
* '''removes''' - this transformation process removes a sub-ingredient. For example [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/pastry-butter pastry butter] is created from [https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ingredient/Butter butter] by removing 20% water;
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