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'''Open Food Facts''' uses multiple '''taxonomies''' for its inner workings. These taxonomies run from simple word lists with their translations, to complex hierarchies with relations between entries and attributes. The taxonomies are used to analyse and structure the information found on products.
 
'''Open Food Facts''' uses multiple '''taxonomies''' for its inner workings. These taxonomies run from simple word lists with their translations, to complex hierarchies with relations between entries and attributes. The taxonomies are used to analyse and structure the information found on products.
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This page gives an overview of the taxonomies and some guiding principles that are valid for all taxonomies.
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The [[Languages taxonomy]] for instance lists the most important languages in the world, translated into these languages. The [[Ingredients taxonomy]] lists all the ingredients that OFF has discovered on food products.
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== Overview ==
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This page gives an overview of the taxonomies and some guiding principles that are valid for all taxonomies. For each specific taxonomy there is a specific wikipage.
The list of taxonomies in use is:
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* ''Additives classes taxonomy''
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* ''Brands taxonomy'' for the producers of products and their corresponding brands. This taxonomy is not in use and still under construction (5-oct-2022);
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* ''Categories taxonomy'' used to put similar products together, so that they can be compared, averages calculated and analysed as a group. For instance an orange juice of a specific brand can be compared to all orange juices;
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* ''Countries taxonomy'' has a list of all countries, regions, areas, etc. in the world;
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* ''Ingredients taxonomy'' for ingredients found on product ingredients lists. Some specific ingredients have been put into separate taxonomies, as these need special handling due to legal requirements:
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** ''Additives taxonomy''
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** ''Allergens taxonomy''
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** ''Amino acids taxonomy''
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** ''[[Ingredients processing taxonomy]]''
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** ''Minerals taxonomy''
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** ''Nucleotides taxonomy''
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** ''Other nutritional substances taxonomy''
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** ''Vitamins taxonomy''
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* ''[[Labels taxonomy]]'' for every logo and claim by producer about product quality, supply chain, sourcing, diets, etc.;
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* ''[[Languages taxonomy]]'' with a list of world languages in multiple languages;
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* ''NOVA groups taxonomy''
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* ''Packaging/recycling taxonomies'' have been spread out over several specific taxonomies:
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** ''Materials taxonomy'' with a list of all possible materials that can be used;
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** ''Shapes taxonomy'' which describe all the packaging parts the packaging can consist of;
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** ''Recycling taxonomy'' with all ways packaging can be recycled;
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* ''States taxonomy'' which describe how complete the data of a product on OFF is;
      
== Presentations ==
 
== Presentations ==
 
There are several other presentation and descriptions on taxonomies, which you might to look at, before diving into the details:
 
There are several other presentation and descriptions on taxonomies, which you might to look at, before diving into the details:
 
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zL2fA3d_fuPvKKKmCGJ5aV_Ug-R-gXQbwSCcxf3dbo4/edit?usp=sharing Quick presentation of the taxonomies]
 
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zL2fA3d_fuPvKKKmCGJ5aV_Ug-R-gXQbwSCcxf3dbo4/edit?usp=sharing Quick presentation of the taxonomies]
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0xRwU_De9Q Lightning talk about taxonomies by Léonore] (Open Food Facts days 2023) and [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_QPKTCyDXNK6HgwHQ0W-ebYCfkB3U3NcL0xLQJJZ9TU/edit#slide=id.p the slides]
 
* A [https://yuktea.wordpress.com/2022/06/22/three-generations/ short intro by Yukti on her blog].
 
* A [https://yuktea.wordpress.com/2022/06/22/three-generations/ short intro by Yukti on her blog].
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=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
Each term section
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The taxonomy is not a strict hierarchy: sections can have multiple parents. But cycles are not allowed. Formally it can be seen as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph Directed Acyclic Graph].
The taxonomy is not a strict hierarchy: values can have multiple parents. But cycles are not allowed.
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For instance in the categories taxonomy the category '''Apricots''', can have the parent '''Fresh Food''' and the parent '''Fruit'''.
    
== Implementation ==
 
== Implementation ==
 
Each taxonomy is implemented as simple text file. See [[Taxonomy implementation]]
 
Each taxonomy is implemented as simple text file. See [[Taxonomy implementation]]
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== Maintenance ==
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Anyone can contribute to the maintenance of these taxonomies. You might want to add a translation, add synonyms, new entries or parents. Have a look at [[Taxonomy Maintenance]].
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== Taxonomy editor ==
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We have [https://ui.taxonomy.openfoodfacts.net/ a prototype to allow editing taxonomies]. The source code and bug report/feature requests are [https://github.com/openfoodfacts/taxonomy-editor located on GitHub]. We would welcome feedback on it.
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== Overview ==
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The list of taxonomies in use is (these are the files in the [https://github.com/openfoodfacts/openfoodfacts-server/tree/main/taxonomies taxonomies folder] on Github:
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* ''Additives classes taxonomy''
 +
* ''Brands taxonomy'' for the producers of products and their corresponding brands. This taxonomy is not in use and still under construction (5-oct-2022);
 +
* ''Categories taxonomy'' used to put similar products together, so that they can be compared, averages calculated and analysed as a group. For instance an orange juice of a specific brand can be compared to all orange juices;
 +
* ''Countries taxonomy'' has a list of all countries, regions, areas, etc. in the world;
 +
* ''Ingredients taxonomy'' for ingredients found on product ingredients lists. Some specific ingredients have been put into separate taxonomies, as these need special handling due to legal requirements:
 +
** ''Additives taxonomy''
 +
** ''Allergens taxonomy''
 +
** ''Amino acids taxonomy''
 +
** ''[[Ingredients processing taxonomy]]''
 +
** ''Minerals taxonomy''
 +
** ''Nucleotides taxonomy''
 +
** ''Other nutritional substances taxonomy''
 +
** ''Vitamins taxonomy''
 +
* ''[[Labels taxonomy]]'' for every logo and claim by producer about product quality, supply chain, sourcing, diets, etc.;
 +
* ''[[Languages taxonomy]]'' with a list of world languages in multiple languages;
 +
* ''NOVA groups taxonomy''
 +
* ''Packaging/recycling taxonomies'' have been spread out over several specific taxonomies:
 +
** ''Materials taxonomy'' with a list of all possible materials that can be used;
 +
** ''Shapes taxonomy'' which describe all the packaging parts the packaging can consist of;
 +
** ''Recycling taxonomy'' with all ways packaging can be recycled;
 +
* ''States taxonomy'' which describe how complete the data of a product on OFF is;
    
== Ideas ==
 
== Ideas ==
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* [[Global IGP taxonomy]]
 
* [[Global IGP taxonomy]]
 
* [[Global EC marks taxonomy]]
 
* [[Global EC marks taxonomy]]
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* [[Diets taxonomy]]
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== Access ==
 
== Access ==
 
The taxonomies can be viewed on Github, via the products on the website and with an API. This is detailed on a separate page:
 
The taxonomies can be viewed on Github, via the products on the website and with an API. This is detailed on a separate page:
 
[[Taxonomy access]].
 
[[Taxonomy access]].
 
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[[Category:Taxonomies]]
== Building and deploying taxonomies ==
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Changes to taxonomies on GitHub are not deployed instantly, the need to be built, deployed, and products need to be re-processed with the new taxonomy.
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* [[How to build and deploy taxonomies]]
 

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