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= Food Additives =
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#gamification on Slack
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== Objectives ==
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== Problem ==
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* We have a large problem: it's easier to snap pictures than to turn that into text. We thus have a large backlog of products that are not complete. We aim to use clever OCR and techniques, but also Gamification to stay on top.
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The goals of those projects are to:
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== Best Practises ==
 
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* Google Image Labeler and Recaptcha are good examples on how to crowdsource that.
* gather data on food additives so that it can be used in conjunction with other Open Food Facts data
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** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Image_Labeler: You basically have players compete to label an image. If they agree on keywords, then the keyword is assumed true and added to the image.
* determine what food additives data should be displayed on Open Food Facts product pages
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* Wikidata Game
* create information pages for each food additive
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* possibly classify the risk of each additive so that it can be shown on Open Food Facts
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** currently done for some additives on Open Food Facts in French language: http://fr.wiki.openfoodfacts.org/Projet:Fiches_sur_les_additifs
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== Types of data ==
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=== Codes, names and synonyms ===
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See [[Global additives taxonomy]]
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=== Additive production ===
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* Sources of the additive
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** Natural extract / chemical synthesis
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** Vegetarian, vegan
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** Containing pork
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* How is the additive produced?
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* Religious certifications
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** Casher
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** Halal
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=== Additive uses ===
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=== Types of products containing the additive ===
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=== Health risks ===
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== Sources of data ==
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For each source, we should note under which licence the data is available.
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=== Laws and regulations ===
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==== United Nations ====
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===== WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius =====
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Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA)
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http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/gsfa/
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=====  Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA) =====
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Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications
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http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-additives/en/
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Specifications for Flavourings
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http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-flav/en/
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==== European Union ====
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===== Regulation on Food additives =====
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Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on '''food additives'''
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Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1333
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Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1333-20141106
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Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display
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===== Regulation on Flavourings =====
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Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 872/2012 of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC Text with EEA relevance
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Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0872
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Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91, Regulations (EC) No 2232/96 and (EC) No 110/2008 and Directive 2000/13/EC (Text with EEA relevance)
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Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1334-20141107
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Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display
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==== USA ====
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===== Definition of GRAS and Food Additives and Color Additives =====
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 201 (§321)
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http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapII-sec321.pdf
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===== Regulation on GRAS substances =====
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21 CFR Part 182: Substances generally recognized as safe.
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.13&idno=21
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21 CFR Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe.
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.14&idno=21
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===== Regulation on Food Additives =====
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 409 (§348)
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http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapIV-sec348.pdf
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21 CFR Part 172: Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.172&rgn=div5
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21 CFR Part 173: Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&node=pt21.3.173&rgn=div5
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21 CFR Part 180: Food additives permitted in food or in contact with food on an interim basis pending additional study
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.180&rgn=div5
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Alphabetical List of GRAS and Food Additives:
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http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm091048.htm
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===== Regulation on Color Additives =====
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 721 (§379e)
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http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapVII-partB-sec379e.pdf
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21 CFR Part 73: Listing of color additives exempt from certification
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.73&rgn=div5
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21 CFR Part 74: Listing of color additives subject to certification
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.74&rgn=div5
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21 CFR Part 82: Listing of certified provisionally listed colors and specifications
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http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.82&rgn=div5
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Alphabetical List of Color Additives:
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http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/ColorAdditiveInventories/ucm106626.htm
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==== Australia / New Zealand ====
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===== Regulation on food additives =====
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Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.3.1 - Food Additives
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2014-12-31: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335
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Serie: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/F2008B00614
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2014-12-31 List by Number: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_2
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2014-12-31 List Alphabetical: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_3
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=== Scientific studies ===
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==== Scientific opinions ====
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===== EFSA =====
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* E102: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1331.pdf
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* E104: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1329.pdf
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* E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3765.pdf
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* E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2349.pdf
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* E110: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1330.pdf
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* E122: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1332.pdf
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* E123: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1649.pdf
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* E123: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3442.pdf
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* E124: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1328.pdf
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* E127: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1854.pdf
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* E128: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/515.pdf
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* E129: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1327.pdf
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* E129: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3234.pdf
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* E131: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2818.pdf
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* E133: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1853.pdf
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* E142: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1851.pdf
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* E150a,b,c,d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2004.pdf
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* E150a,c,d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/3030.pdf
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* E151: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1540.pdf
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* E153: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2592.pdf
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* E154: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1535.pdf
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* E155: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1536.pdf
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* E160a(i),(ii): http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2593.pdf
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* E160d: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/674.pdf
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* E160e: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2499.pdf
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* E161g: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1852.pdf
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* E170: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2318.pdf
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* E180: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/1586.pdf
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* E243: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/scdocs/doc/511.pdf
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* E243: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3294.pdf
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==== FSANZ ====
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* E952: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/proposals/documents/P287_FAR_Cyclamate_Review_FINAL.pdf
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=== Food producers ===
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==== Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States (FEMA) ====
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FEMA GRAS Flavoring Substances List
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http://www.femaflavor.org/fema-gras%E2%84%A2-flavoring-substance-list
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=== NGOs ===
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=== Consumers associations ===
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=== Wikipedia / Wikidata ===
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives,_Codex_Alimentarius
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== Data collection ==
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=== E243: ethyl lauroyl arginate ===
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FAO 2008: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/pdf/jecfa/cta/69/Ethyl_Lauroyl_arginate.pdf
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USFDA 2005: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm154571.htm
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EFSA 2007: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/scdocs/doc/511.pdf
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EFSA 2013: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3294.pdf
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EU COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 506/2014: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0506
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/AR_A1015.pdf
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD1%20Hazard%20Assess.pdf
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD2%20Dietary%20Exposure.pdf
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD3%20Food%20Tech.pdf
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD4%20AMR%20Assess.pdf
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FSANZ 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Lauric%20Arginate%20AppR%20FINAL1.pdf
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FSANZ 2010: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20arginate%20FRR.pdf
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FSANZ 2012: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/proposals/documents/P1020%20ELA%20as%20a%20FA%20in%20Sausages%20AppR%20FINAL.pdf
 

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