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It is necessary to loop better at the products that are now in the category to get an idea what people did put in. And then we might come up with a better definition. We also like to know what is not included in this category.
 
It is necessary to loop better at the products that are now in the category to get an idea what people did put in. And then we might come up with a better definition. We also like to know what is not included in this category.
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There is also EU legislation that defines what a (apple) juice may be ([https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/fruit-juices-and-similar-products.html link], [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A02001L0112-20141005 link]).
    
== Current situation ==
 
== Current situation ==
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[[File:AppleJuicesPotassium230228.png|frameless|center|Potassium histogram for apple juices (28-feb-2023)]]
 
[[File:AppleJuicesPotassium230228.png|frameless|center|Potassium histogram for apple juices (28-feb-2023)]]
 
Potassium has a median of 105mg/100ml, 51-125mg/100ml for 80%. Wonder where the low values come from.
 
Potassium has a median of 105mg/100ml, 51-125mg/100ml for 80%. Wonder where the low values come from.
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=== Observations ===
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* The nutritional data from the USDA import (?) is a mess. I had to correct many. Ideally the import should be redone without translation to international units, but with a very good filled serving field (more structure)
    
== Category Definition ==
 
== Category Definition ==
Using the ingredients found for Apple Juice products, it is possible to create a definition for products belonging to this category:
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Using the ingredients found for ''Apple Juice'' products, it is possible to create a definition for products belonging to this category:
 
* required ingredients:  
 
* required ingredients:  
** apple juice at least 98% ??
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** apple juice at least 99% ?? There seems to be a EU legal requirement
 
* optional ingredients:  
 
* optional ingredients:  
** water for reconstituted apple juice, instead of ''apple juice'' it might say ''apple juice from concentrate''
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** water for '''apple juices from concentrate''', instead of ''apple juice'' it might say ''apple juice from concentrate''
** carbon dioxide for sparkling apple juice
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** carbon dioxide for '''sparkling apple juice'''
** ascorbic acid for enhanced apple juices
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** ascorbic acid for '''enriched apple juices'''
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** vanilla, ginger, curcuma, guarana for '''flavoured apple juices''' (not a complete list)
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The nutritional values given an additional definition:
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* energy: 176kJ >< 212kJ
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* fat: < 0.5g/100ml
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* saturated fat: < 0.5g/100ml
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* carbohydrate: 10g/100ml >< 12.5g/100ml
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* sugars: 9.69/100ml >< 11.7g/100ml
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* proteins: < 0.5g/100ml
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* salt: < 0.3g/100ml
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* vitamin C: < 60mg/100ml (need to check the effect of enriching)
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* potassium: < 150mg/100ml
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== Ingredients ==
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A product is to a large extent defined by the ingredients that have been used to create. These ingredients define to a large extent the category.
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=== Missing ingredients ===
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The listed ingredients do not always correspond to the product:
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* the listing of ''water'' implies concentrated apple juice and in turn ''apple juice from concentrate;''
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* It is impossible to detect the occurrence of ''pure apple juice'' AND ''apple juice from concentrate'' at the same time;
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* cider seems to imply the ingredient alcohol. In the use it is also a type of apple;
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=== Inventory ===
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Most common ingredients tags are:
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* pure apple juice  
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* apple juice from concentrate
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* water, need to rehydrate the apple concentrate
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* ascorbic acid for vitamin C
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* potassium sorbate as a source of potassium and preservative
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* malic acid as a preservative
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* citric acid as a preservative
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* calcium lactate
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* flavouring
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* carbon dioxide
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=== Recipes ===
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Often one or more ingredients are used to create a product. This is a recipe. In order to analyse these recipes, the products with ingredients were selected (1627 products) ([https://mirabelle.openfoodfacts.org/products?sql=select+rowid%2C+code%2C+url%2C+%0D%0Aingredients_text%2C+ingredients_tags%2C+ingredients_analysis_tags%0D%0Afrom+%5Ball%5D%0D%0Awhere+categories_tags+like+%22%25apple-juices%25%22+and+ingredients_tags+%21%3D+%22%22%0D%0A Mirabelle download]). A set analysis (all juices with ingredients) using [https://upset.multinet.app/?workspace=OFF&table=AppleJuices UpSet], gives the following main recipes:
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* pure apple juices (only) (37%);
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* apple juices from concentrate (only) (14%)
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* pure apple juices  + vitamin C (5%)
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* apple juices from concentrate + vitamin C (5%)
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* apple juices with flavouring (3%)
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* apple juices with preservatives (2%)
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=== Conclusion ===
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401 products did not contain normalised ingredients, either the data is incorrect or the values are missing in the ingredients taxonomy. A lot of cleanup is still required.
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The wrong main language introduces quite some errors as the ingredients can not be parsed;
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== Characteristics ==
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Apple juice products often have labels or other claims on the packaging.
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=== Labels ===
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Several labels can currently been found ([https://world.openfoodfacts.org/category/apple-juices/labels/ the list]). Some are useful, but other unnecessary. A quick look at some labels:
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* ''organic'' (and variants) has 638 products;
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* ''vegan'' (and thus vegetarian) has 109 products. The filtering process might not be vegan, as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinglass isenglass] can be used;
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* ''no added sugar'' (326 products). The EU legislation does not allow any added sugar, so it is not really necessary. But this label might be useful for other countries.
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* ''no preservatives'' (245 products) - preservatives are allowed by EU legislation (think antioxidants like malic acid, citric acid or ascorbic acid), so it might fe found in the ingredients list. This label could be added if these ingredients are not on the package.
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* ''no colorings'' (151 products) - are there products that do have colorings?
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* ''EU Agriculture'' (and variants) (103 products) - should also be in the origin field.
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* ''pure juice'' (70 products) - this is not a label
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* ''no additives'' (51 products) - This seems the same as pure juice. This can be added based on the ingredient list?
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* ''Demeter'' (34 products) - this is not a label, but a brand?
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* ''low or no sugar'' (27 products) - these seem be wrongly labelled and should read ''no added sugar''.
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* ''no gluten'' (25 products) - seems unnecessary.
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* ''no artificial flavours'' (12 products) - might be useful, there might be products that have flavouring
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* ''no GMOs'' (11 products) - are the apples that are GMO? Or is this just marketing?
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* ''kosher'' (10 products) - assume that a  production process can be non-kosher.
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* ''fair trade'' (7 products) - guess that farmers are better paid.
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* ''pasteurized product'' (7 products) - useful label (why so few?).
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* ''no alcohol'' (6 products) - so it is not a cider, sounds like a default label
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* ''100% natural'' (5 products) - does this mean anything?
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* ''rich in vitamin C'' (5 products) - when can a juice be called rich? What is the value of this claim?
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=== Missing labels ===
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There are a few labels that have not been used, but might be useful
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* ''artisanal fabrication'' - this is seen on many juices.
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* ''filtering'' - some products are not filtered and are thus cloudy. This is not stated on the ingredients, but might be found in the product name (trouble).
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* ''pasteurisation'' - add ''pasteurized'' or ''unpasteurized''
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* ''extraction'' - ''cold pressed''
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=== Observations ===
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* when should something be added as a label, an adjective of an ingredient, or even a dedicated category?
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* there are implied labels, like ''no lactose'', ''no gluten''. How can this be expressed? It can be part of the category definition and noted in the taxonomy.
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== Quality Monitoring ==
 
== Quality Monitoring ==
 
With the definition of this category in terms of ingredients, nutritional values, etc, it is possible to set up a quality envelope. The idea is that this envelope contains 90% (or something like that) of the products of this category.  
 
With the definition of this category in terms of ingredients, nutritional values, etc, it is possible to set up a quality envelope. The idea is that this envelope contains 90% (or something like that) of the products of this category.  
    
This envelop can be used to monitor new additions to this category. And anything that falls outside the envelope can be flagged for inspection.
 
This envelop can be used to monitor new additions to this category. And anything that falls outside the envelope can be flagged for inspection.
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== OFFwiki ==
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Using this analysis (and other information) it might be possible to create a kind of (structured) wikipage for this category. This might comprise:
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* definition - what is an apple juice (process, ingredients, origin)?
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* characteristics - what defines an apple juice (ingredients, nutritional values, labels)
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* related categories - what categories are related?
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* determination - helping the user to classify and characterise a likely apple juice product.
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A first attempt: [[Category/Apple juices]]
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[[Category:Global_Taxonomies]]
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