Food additives

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Food Additives

Objectives

The goals of those projects are to:

  • gather data on food additives so that it can be used in conjunction with other Open Food Facts data
  • determine what food additives data should be displayed on Open Food Facts product pages
  • create information pages for each food additive
  • possibly classify the risk of each additive so that it can be shown on Open Food Facts

Types of data

Codes, names and synonyms

See Global additives taxonomy

Additive production

  • Sources of the additive
    • Natural extract / chemical synthesis
    • Vegetarian, vegan
    • Containing pork
  • How is the additive produced?
  • Religious certifications
    • Casher
    • Halal

Additive uses

Types of products containing the additive

Health risks

Sources of data

For each source, we should note under which licence the data is available.

Laws and regulations

United Nations

WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius

Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA)

http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/gsfa/


Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA)

Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications

http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-additives/en/

Specifications for Flavourings

http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-flav/en/

European Union

Regulation on Food additives

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives

Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1333

Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1333-20141106

Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display

Regulation on Flavourings

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 872/2012 of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC Text with EEA relevance

Original: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0872

Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91, Regulations (EC) No 2232/96 and (EC) No 110/2008 and Directive 2000/13/EC (Text with EEA relevance)

Consolidated: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R1334-20141107

Database: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sanco_foods/main/?event=display

USA

Definition of GRAS and Food Additives and Color Additives

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 201 (§321)

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapII-sec321.pdf


Regulation on GRAS substances

21 CFR Part 182: Substances generally recognized as safe.

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.13&idno=21

21 CFR Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe.

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.14&idno=21


Regulation on Food Additives

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 409 (§348)

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapIV-sec348.pdf

21 CFR Part 172: Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.172&rgn=div5

21 CFR Part 173: Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&node=pt21.3.173&rgn=div5

21 CFR Part 180: Food additives permitted in food or in contact with food on an interim basis pending additional study

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.3.180&rgn=div5

Alphabetical List of GRAS and Food Additives:

http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm091048.htm


Regulation on Color Additives

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) Section 721 (§379e)

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title21/pdf/USCODE-2010-title21-chap9-subchapVII-partB-sec379e.pdf

21 CFR Part 73: Listing of color additives exempt from certification

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.73&rgn=div5

21 CFR Part 74: Listing of color additives subject to certification

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.74&rgn=div5

21 CFR Part 82: Listing of certified provisionally listed colors and specifications

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt21.1.82&rgn=div5

Alphabetical List of Color Additives:

http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/ColorAdditiveInventories/ucm106626.htm


Australia / New Zealand

Regulation on food additives

Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.3.1 - Food Additives

2014-12-31: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335

Serie: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/F2008B00614

2014-12-31 List by Number: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_2

2014-12-31 List Alphabetical: http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2014C01335/Html/Volume_3


Canada

Regulation on food additives

Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) Division 16

http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-159.html#docCont

List of permitted additives:

http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-160.html#docCont

Scientific studies

Scientific opinions

FAO/WHO

Database:

http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/search.aspx

http://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html

Evaluation of the carcinogenic hazards of food additives (Fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_220.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_220_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_220_spa.pdf

Evaluation of the toxicity of a number of antimicrobials and antioxidants (Sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_228.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_228_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_228_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: emulsifiers, stabilizers, bleaching and maturing agents (Seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_281_(p1-p100).pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_281_(p101-p189).pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_281_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_281_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: food colours and some antimicrobials and antioxidants (Eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_309.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_309_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_309_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, flour-treatment agents, acids, and bases (Ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_339.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_339_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_339_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some emulsifiers and stabilizers and certain other substances (Tenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_373.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_373_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_373_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some flavouring substances and non-nutritive sweetening agents (Eleventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_383.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_383_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_383_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some antibiotics (Twelfth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_430.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_430_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_430_spa.pdf

Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some food colours, emulsifiers, stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other substances (Thirteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_445.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_445_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_445_spa.pdf

Evaluation of food additives: specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some extraction solvents and certain other substances; and a review of the technological efficacy of some antimicrobial agents. (Fourteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_462.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_462_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_462_spa.pdf

Evaluation of food additives: some enzymes, modified starches, and certain other substances: Toxicological evaluations and specifications and a review of the technological efficacy of some antioxidants (Fifteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_488.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_488_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_488_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead, and cadmium (Sixteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_505.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_505_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_505_spa.pdf

Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives with a review of general principles and of specifications (Seventeenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_539.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_539_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_539_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Eighteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_557.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_557_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_576_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives: some food colours, thickening agents, smoke condensates, and certain other substances. (Nineteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_576.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_576_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_576_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Twentieth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_599.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_599_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_599_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_617.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_617_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_617_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Twenty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_631.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_631_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_631_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_648.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_648_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_648_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_653.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_653_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_653_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_669.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_669_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_669_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Twenty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_683.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_683_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_683_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Twenty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_696.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_696_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_696_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Twenty-eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_710.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_710_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_710_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Twenty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_733.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_733_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_733_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirtieth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_751.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_751_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_751_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_759.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_759_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_759_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_776.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_776_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_776_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_789.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_789_fre.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_789_spa.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_806.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and naturally occurring toxicants (Thirty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_828.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_837.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_859.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_868.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_884.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Fifty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_891.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Fifty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_896.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Fifty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_901.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Fifty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_909.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Fifty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_913.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Sixty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_922.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/924166052X.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Sixty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_928.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Sixty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_934_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660562_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Sixty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_940_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241660587_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Sixty-eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241209472_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241660594_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Sixty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_952_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241660600_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Seventy-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_956_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241660624_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_960_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241660648_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Seventy-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_966_eng.pdf

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241660655_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Seventy-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77752/1/WHO_TRS_974_eng.pdf

http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77763/1/9789241660679_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Seventy-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/98388/1/9789241209830_eng.pdf

http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/99070/1/9789241660686_eng.pdf

Evaluation of certain food additives (Seventy-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/150883/1/9789241209908_eng.pdf

http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128550/1/9789241660693_eng.pdf

EFSA
FSANZ

Food producers

Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States (FEMA)

FEMA GRAS Flavoring Substances List

http://www.femaflavor.org/fema-gras%E2%84%A2-flavoring-substance-list

NGOs

Consumers associations

Wikipedia / Wikidata

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives,_Codex_Alimentarius


Data collection

INS 120: carmine

WHO/FAO Codex GSFA Entry: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?id=120

FAO JECFA Specifications 2000: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-additives/specs/Monograph1/additive-108-m1.pdf

WHO/FAO JECFA Evaluation Summary: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_366.htm

WHO JECFA Safety evaluation 1975: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v06je18.htm

WHO JECFA Safety evaluation 1977: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v12je13.htm

WHO JECFA Safety evaluation 2001: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_901.pdf


INS 243: ethyl lauroyl arginate

WHO/FAO Codex GSFA Entry: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?id=407

FAO JECFA Specifications 2008: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-additives/specs/monograph5/additive-506-m5.pdf

FAO JECFA Specifications 2009: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-additives/specs/monograph7/additive-506-m7.pdf

FAO Chemical and Technical Assessment 2008: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/pdf/jecfa/cta/69/Ethyl_Lauroyl_arginate.pdf

WHO JECFA Safety evaluation 2008: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_952_eng.pdf

WHO JECFA Safety evaluation 2009: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241660600_eng.pdf

USFDA GRAS Notice No. GRN 000164 2005: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm154571.htm

EFSA Opinion of the Scientific Panel 2007: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/scdocs/doc/511.pdf

EFSA Refined exposure assessment 2013: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3294.pdf

EU COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 506/2014: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32014R0506

FSANZ Assessment Report 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/AR_A1015.pdf

FSANZ Hazard Assessment 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD1%20Hazard%20Assess.pdf

FSANZ Dietary Exposure 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD2%20Dietary%20Exposure.pdf

FSANZ Food Tech 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD3%20Food%20Tech.pdf

FSANZ AMR Assessment 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20Arginate%20SD4%20AMR%20Assess.pdf

FSANZ Approval 2009: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Lauric%20Arginate%20AppR%20FINAL1.pdf

FSANZ Review 2010: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/A1015%20Ethyl%20lauroyl%20arginate%20FRR.pdf

FSANZ Final approval 2012: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/proposals/documents/P1020%20ELA%20as%20a%20FA%20in%20Sausages%20AppR%20FINAL.pdf

Health Canada consultation 2013: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/pdf/consult/2013-nop-adp-ethyl-lauroyl-arginate-ethyle-laurique/document-consultation-eng.pdf

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